Installations methods include:
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Methods differ in ease of use, coverage, maintenance of old versions,system-wide versus local environment use, and control. With pip or Anaconda’sconda, you can control the package versions for a specific project to preventconflicts. Conda also controls non-Python packages, like MKL or HDF5. Systempackage managers, like apt-get, install across the entire computer, oftenhave older versions, and don’t have as many available versions. Sourcecompilation is much more difficult but is necessary for debugging and development.If you don’t know which installation method you need or prefer, we recommendthe Scientific Python Distribution Anaconda .
Scientific Python Distributions (recommended)¶
Python distributions provide the language itself, along with the most commonlyused packages and tools. These downloadable files require little configuration,work on almost all setups, and provide all the commonly used scientific python tools.
Anaconda works on Windows, Mac, andLinux, provides over 1,500 Python/R packages, and is used by over 15 millionpeople. Anaconda is best suited to beginning users; it provides a largecollection of libraries all in one.
For more advanced users who will need to install or upgrade regularly,Miniconda is a moresuitable way to install the conda package manager.
Other options include:
WinPython: Another free distributionincluding scientific packages and the Spyder IDE; Windows only, but moreactively maintained and supports the latest Python 3 versions.
Pyzo: A free distribution based on Anaconda andthe IEP interactive development environment; Supports Linux, Windows, and Mac.
Installing via pip¶
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Python comes with an inbuilt package management system,pip. Pip can install, update, or deleteany official package.
You can install packages via the command line by entering:
We recommend using an user install, sending the --user flag to pip.pip installs packages for the local user and does not write to the systemdirectories. Preferably, do not use sudopip, as this combination can cause problems.
Pip accesses the Python Package Index, PyPI , whichstores almost 200,000 projects and all previous releases of said projects.Because the repository keeps previous versions, you can pin to a version andnot worry about updates causing conflicts. Pip can also install packages inlocal virtualenv, or virtual environment.
Install system-wide via a package manager¶
System package managers can install the most common Python packages.They install packages for the entire computer, often use older versions,and don’t have as many available versions.
Ubuntu and Debian¶
using apt-get:
Fedora 22 and later¶
using dnf:
Mac¶
Mac doesn’t have a preinstalled package manager, but there are a couple ofpopular package managers you can install.
The Nose Mac Os 11
For Python 3.5 with Macports , execute thiscommand in a terminal:
Homebrew has an incomplete coverage of the SciPy ecosystem,but does install these packages:
Source packages¶
You can build any of the packages from source. Those involved in developmentmay take this route to get developmental versions or alter source code.Refer to individual projects for more details.
Binaries¶
Binary files can directly install the packages. These can either come from thedirect source, like GitHub or PyPI ,or third-party repositories. Linux operating systems, like Ubuntu ,have package repositories where you can search for and download individual binaries.For Windows, Christoph Gohlke provides pre-built Windows installersfor many packages.